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Table 2: Heavy metal removal in raw water samples of Lake Mariout using a fixed bed glass bioreactor packed with P. aeruginosa and a solid supporter. An atomic absorption spectrometer was used to estimate the initial and the residue metal concentrations before and after the bio-treatment, respectively

From: Heavy metal removal using a fixed bed bioreactor packed with a solid supporter

Raw water sample

Metal concentration before treatment (ppm)

Metal concentration after treatment (ppm)

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Fe

Cu

Pb

Zn

Cd

Fe

1

29.52*

19.44

45.2

22.84

164

0

1.72

0

0

113.16

2

12.4

0.0052

28.8

8

152.64

0

3.52

0

0

145.4

3

23.52

21.32

19.6

18.6

82.04

0

0

0

0

10.16

4

8.04

17

10

17.12

98.52

0

5.88

0.01

0

27.52

5

26.32

22.32

13.5

19.6

99.44

0

8.44

0

0

39.8

6

17.84

14.44

17.7

0.007

80.84

0

10.12

0

0

44.48

7

8.52

1.44

27.7

11.04

135.68

0

0.96

0

0

39.28

8

38.88

24.24

8.5

20.44

91.52

0

23.52

0.21

0.44

40.84

9

8.56

8.84

12.7

2.36

107.6

0

7.4

0

0

33.04

10

18

10.36

10.6

6.04

166.16

0

9.36

0

0

45.72

11

15.96

35

25.67

11.76

167.95

0

27.32

0

0

25.2

12

18.28

26.96

17.8

14.68

168.99

0

23.36

0

0

54.76

13

9.92

17.36

8.8

3.32

161.96

0

6.2

0

0

35.52

Average removal efficiency %

100

47

100

100

62

  1. *Each value represents the average metal concentration which resulted from triplicate wastewater samples applied on the bioreactor