Table 1 Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of spray-dried powder

Moisture content (g/100 g of powder)

6.19 ± 0.56^a

5.14 ± 0.82^b

6.07 ± 1.06^a

Water activity

0.2^a

0.15^c

0.17^b

Hygroscopicity (g water/kg powder/min)

0.126 ± 0.73 ^b

0.17 ± 1.15 ^a

0.16 ± 0.84 ^a

Dissolution time (s)

703 ± 2^a

701 ± 2.5^a

692 ± 2^b

Glass transition temperature T_g (°C)

56.7 ± 1.2^c

58.2 ± 1.4^a

57.6 ± 1.1^b

L*

70.03 ± 0.19^c

71.34 ± 0.51^a

70.59 ± 0.45^b

a*

0.78 ± 0.16^a

0.28 ± 0.05^c

0.44 ± 0.09^b

b*

6.21 ± 0.29^a

4.09 ± 0.11^b

4.45 ± 0.29^b

Survival before spray drying (%)

81.23 ± 2.07^a

78.07 ± 1.05^c

79.45 ± 1.69^b

Survival after spray drying (%)

70.65 ± 1.84^a

69.53 ± 3.01^b

67.59 ± 2.9^c

Viability % loss rate at 4 °C (30 days)

0.07^a

0.063^b

0.058^c

Viability % loss rate at 4 °C (60 days)

0.12^b

0.15 ^a

0.10^c

Viability % loss rate at 25 °C (30 days)

0.13^a

0.2^c

0.17^b

Viability % loss rate at 25 °C (60 days)

0.32^a

0.4^b

0.4^b