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Table 2 Performance measures for 20 runs of ITAE values

From: Improved model predictive load frequency control of interconnected power system with synchronized automatic generation control loops

 

QOWOA-based

dis-MPC based

Improvement (%)

Minimum

0.0759

0.0589

22.34

Maximum

0.0898

0.0728

18.95

Mean

0.08055

0.06118

24.05

Variance

1.64 × 10−5

1.26 × 10−5

23.21

STDev

0.003214

0.003247

20.83