From: Assessing the nanotechnology on the grounds of costs, benefits, and risks
S N. | Application | Example |
---|---|---|
1. | Energy storage, production, and conversion | Nanomaterials as catalysts for hydrogen production, carbon nanotubes for hydrogen storage and as composite coatings in solar cells, quantum dot-based light-emitting devices and photo-voltaic cells, grapheme-based ultra-capacitors, hybrid protein-polymer bio-mimetic membranes produced from protein hybrid polymer [29,30,31,32,33,34] |
2. | Agricultural productivity enhancement | Nanocapsules for precision farming; nanoporous zeolites for the precise and sustained release of nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, drugs for livestock and plants, and efficient dosage management of water; nanosensors for monitoring of plants and soil health and pest control; nanomagnets for removing soil contaminants [35,36,37,38]. |
3. | Air and water remediation | Nanomembranes, metal oxide nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, nanosensors, nanoporous zeolites, and grapheme-based treatment structures or detection of pollutants and remediation of air and water [39,40,41,42,43]. |
4. | Disease diagnosis and drug delivery | Carbon nanotube sensors, quantum dots, conjugates of dendrimer and antibody, as the detection and diagnosis medical tools to act as sensors and in situ examinations of diseases and sustained drug release [44,45,46,47,48] |
5. | Food storage and processing | Silver and zinc oxide nanomaterials for antimicrobial actions; nanoemulsions and nanocomposites for food-packaging, storing, and decontamination; silver, silica, selenium, iron, platinum, titanium dioxide, calcium, and magnesium as nanosupplements [49,50,51]. |
6. | Constructions | Nanomaterials for cost management, weathering management, and durability of coatings, paints, surfaces, concrete materials, adhesives, and photosensitivity of constructions [52,53,54,55] |
7. | Social-security | |
8. | Academics | Improved communication systems through better band-width and lower cost [58] |
9. | Beauty and cosmetic | Nano-based age-defying creams, ethosome- and liposome-based hair-care products, sunscreen lotions [59,60,61,62,63]. |
10. | Sports | Nanotechnology-based golf/tennis balls, bow-arrows, helmets for football, bats for baseball, racquets for badminton and tennis, racing bicycles, sticks for hockey, etc. [64, 65]. |
11. | Electronics | Nanocomputer and nanoprocessors, nanotech detectors, nanomemory devices and nano-based display systems, etc. [66,67,68,69,70] |