Diterpenoids as potential anti-malarial compounds from Andrographis paniculata

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Table 1 Yield analysis, anti-malarial, and cytotoxic activities of Andrographis paniculata whole plant extracts

S. No.	Plants	Extract code	Parts used	Solvent	Yield (% w/w) (W1 × 100/W2)*	IC₅₀ (μg/ml) against		CC₅₀ (μg/ml)
						3D7	K1
1	Andrographis paniculata	IGNTU_05	Whole plants	Methanol	4.85	10.75	10.64	63.03
2		IGNTU_06	Whole plants	Chloroform	7.01	6.36	5.24	> 100
3		IGNTU_07	Whole plants	n-Hexane	6.97	> 50	> 50	> 100
4		IGNTU_08	Whole plants	Distil water	4.11	9.35	10.87	> 100
Ref. drug	CQ-diphosphate*					0.005	0.259; 0.251	0.005
Ref. drug	Podophyllotoxin*					na	na	3.13

Parasite inhibition experiment was performed in 3D7 and K1 strains and cytotoxicity experiment was performed in VERO cells. IC₅₀ and CC₅₀ are the half-maximal inhibitory and cytotoxic concentrations, respectively. IC₅₀ and CC₅₀ values were determined 72 h after treatment of plant extract. Chloroquine (CQ), a 4-aminoquinoline derivative, was used as a reference compound in the parasite inhibition assay. IC₅₀ obtained in PF3D7 and K1 was 5 nM and 255 nM, respectively. For cytotoxicity evaluation, podophyllotoxin was used as a reference compound. CC₅₀ obtained for podophyllotoxin was 3.13 μM. Selectivity index is a ratio of CC₅₀/IC₅₀ and found IGNTU_06 exhibits most promising anti-malarial activity and minimal cytotoxicity
*W1 = is the weight of the extract residue obtained after solvent removal
*W2 = is the weight of the plant parts in powder form taken