Table 4 Phytochemical components of Varthemia candicans ethanolic extract as identified by GC-MS analysis

1

16.66

2,5-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester

3.01

C1₉H₃₀O₂

Fatty acid

No activity reported

2

16.83

Megastigma-4,6(E),8(Z)-triene

1.90

C₁₃H₂₀

Alkene

No activity reported

3

17.26

9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-

25.65

C₁₈H₃₂O₂

Fatty acid

-Antitumor

-Anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, nematicide, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, antihistaminic, antiacne, antieczemic, antiandrogenic, antiarthritic, anticoronary, and insect repellant

[26]

4

18.13

7,10,13-Eicosatrienoic acid, methyl ester

0.63

C₂₁H₃₆O₂

Fatty acid

No activity reported

5

18.66

13-Heptadecyn-1-ol

1.66

C₁₇H₃₂O

Fatty alcohol

Anti-inflammatory and antifungal

[27]

6

18.81

Stigmast-5-en-3-ol, (3á)-

0.43

C₂₉H₅₀O

Phytosterol

Antidiabetic and anti-hypercholesterolemic

[28]

7

19.21

1-Heptatriacotanol

5.21

C₃₇H₇₆O

Fatty alcohol

-Anti-hypercholesterolemic

-Antimicrobial

[29]

[30]

8

19.41

Cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene-, (3á,5à)-

0.90

C₂₈H₄₈O

Sterol

Antimicrobial anti-inflammatory, anticancer, diuretic, antiasthma, and antiarthritic

[26]

9

21.23

Hexadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester

3.80

C₁₇H₂₈O₂

Fatty acid

-Cardio-protective

-Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory

[26]

[31]

10

21.29

Cis-9-octadecenoic acid

7.60

C₁₈H₃₄O₂

Fatty acid

Cancer preventive flavor, hypocholesterolemic, 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, antiandrogenic, perfumery insectifuge, anti-inflammatory, anemiagenic, and dermatitigenic choleretic

[26]

11

22.02

8,11,14-Docosatrienoic acid, methyl ester

2.71

C₂₃H₄₀O₂

Fatty acid

No activity reported

12

23.61

ç-Isosparteine

1.28

C₁₅H₂₆N₂

Alkaloid

Antimicrobial

[32]

13

24.53

Fischeroside C

2.29

C₂₈H₄₀O₁₂

Diterpene

Antiviral

[33]

14

26.54

Lycopene

0.62

C₄₀H₅₆

Carotenoid

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-allergic, and anticancer

-Anti-autophagic and antiapoptotic substance

[34]

[35]

15

27.38

Stigmastan-3,5-diene

2.02

C₂₉H₄₈

Sterol

Antimicrobial

[36]

16

28.17

1-Methyl-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisochromene

2.90

C₂₀H₂₂O₅

Benzopyran derivative

Anti-hypertension, anti-cardiac ischemia, arrhythmia treatment, smooth muscle relaxation, antidiabetic, cardio-protective and anti-angiogenic

[37]

17

29.45

Panaxatriol

25.88

C₃₀H₅₂O₄

Triterpene sapogenin

Protect against ischemia and reperfusion injuries

[38]

18

29.82

9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-[[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl]ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)-

1.67

C₂₇H₅₄O₄Si₂

Fatty acid

Antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-arthritic, anti-asthma, and diuretic

[26]

19

29.98

9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 9-hexadecenyl ester, (Z)-

0.92

C₃₄H₆₄O₂

Fatty acid

No activity reported

20

31.52

3à,5à-Cyclo-ergosta-7,9(11),22t-triene-6á-ol

3.25

C₂₈H₄₂O

Steroid

Antitumor and anti-angiogenic

[39]

21

31.98

Trisiloxane, 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl-3-(4-methylpentyl)-3-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-

0.38

C₁₅H₄₀O₃Si₄

Siloxane derivative

No activity reported

22

32.37

1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11-Dodecamethyl-hexasiloxane

0.83

C₁₂H₃₈O₅Si₆

Siloxane derivative

Antimicrobial, antiseptic, hair conditioning agent, skin-conditioning agent-emollient and solvent

[26]

23

32.79

1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9-Decamethyl-pentasiloxane

2.87

C₁₀H₃₂O₄Si₅

Siloxane derivative

No activity reported

24

33.26

Oleic acid,3-(octadecyloxy)propyl ester

1.59

C₃₉H₇₆O₃

Fatty acid

Anti-fungal

[40]