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Table 3 List of experimental conditions, isotherm, kinetic models, and maximum adsorption capacities for the removal of pesticides on different adsorbent materials

From: Risk assessment and the adsorptive removal of some pesticides from synthetic wastewater: a review

Adsorbents

Pesticides

Experimental conditions

Isotherm model

Kinetic model

Maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g)

References

Activated carbon-cloth

Dinoseb, ametryn, diuron , aldicarb

T = 25 °C

t = 125 min

Co= 6.5 × 10−5 mol/L

F

Ps1 or Ps2

301.84 (Dinoseb);

354.61 (ametryn);

213.06 (diuron);

421.58 (aldicarb)

[89]

Borassus aethiopum shells-based activated carbon

Carbofuran

Adsorbent dose = 0.15 g

pH = 2–12

T = 30 °C

t = 18 h

Co = 30–200 mg/L

L

Ps2

160

[17]

Granular activated carbon (GAC F300)

Carbofuran and 2,4-D

Adsorbent dose = 0.20 g

pH = 6.35 and 3.5

T = 30 °C

t = 26 h (carbofuran) and 8 h (2,4-D)

Co = 50–225 mg/L (carbofuran) and 50–300 mg/L (2,4-D)

L

Ps2

96.15 (Carbofuran); 181.82 (2,4-D)

[38]

Date seed activated carbon

Bentazon and carbofuran

Adsorbent dose = 0.20 g

pH = 2–12

T = 30 °C

t = 0–36 h

Co = 25–250 mg/L

F

Ps2

86.26 (bentazon); 137.04 (carbofuran)

[40]

Mesoporous activated carbon from starch (ACS)

Atrazine, pymetrozine, acetamiprid, diuron, thiacloprid, imazalil, difenoconazole, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, and chlorantraniliprole

Adsorbent dose = 5 to 120 mg)

pH = 1–11

T = 25 °C

t = 0–4 h

Co = 0.5–2 mg/ L

L

Ps2

66.2 (pyraclostrobin)

[42]

Waste rubber tire activated carbon

methoxychlor, atrazine and methyl parathion

Adsorbent dose = 0.02–0.14 g/L

pH = 2–12

T = 25–45 °C

t = 0–150 min

Co = 2–12 mg/L

L

Ps1

112.0 (methoxychlor); 104.9 (atrazine); 88.9 (methyl parathio)

[43]

Mesoporous activated carbon from coconut frond

Carbofuran

Adsorbent dose = 0.20 g

pH = 2–12

T = 30–50 °C

t = 0–16 h

Co = 25–250 mg/l

F

Ps2

198.4 (30 °C); 193.1 (40 °C); 205.0 (50 °C)

[48]

Activated carbon from waste hemp

Acetamiprid, dimethoate, nicosulfuron, carbofuran, and atrazine

Adsorbent dose = 0.20 g

T = 25 °C

t = 0–200 min

Co = 10–50 mg/L

F

12.20 (acetamiprid,); 11.80 (dimethoate); 19.50 (nicosulfuron); 15.40 (carbofuran); 15.50 (atrazine)

[49]

Coconut shell activated carbon

Malathion

Adsorbent dose = 1.0 g

T = 30–80 °C

t = 30–300 min

Co = 7 μg/L

L

909.1

[50]

NH4Cl-induced activated carbon

Diazinon

pH = 2–10

T = 25–40 °C

t = 0–6 h

Co = 2–10 mg/L

NAC concentration (0.1–0.3 g/L)

L

Ps2

250.00

[51]

Treated watermelon peels

Methyl parathion

Adsorbent dose = 0.05–1 g

pH = 1–10

T = 10–50 °C

t = 10–100 min

Co = 0.38–3.8 × 10−4 mol/L

D–R

Ps1

24.3 ± 1.6 μmol/g

[90]

Chestnut shells

Imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam

Adsorbent dose = 7.2 g

pH = acidic

T = 25 °C

t = 48 h

Co = 5 mg/L

F

Ps2

8.5070 (imidacloprid); 4.6984 (acetamiprid); 14.310 (thiamethoxam)

[91]

Fungus Pleurotus mutilus

Metribuzin

Adsorbent dose = 1–4 g

pH = 2–8

T = 25 °C

t = 0–25 min

Co = 100–400 mg/L

Particle size = 0–625 μm

3.3

[96]

Graphitic carbon nanostructures from filter paper

2,4-D

Adsorbent dose = 2 mg

pH = 2–10

T = 30 °C

t = 0–24 h

Co = 9–300 mg/L

R–P

E and M-e

77.13

[52]

Graphitic carbon nanostructures from cotton

2,4-D

Adsorbent dose = 2 mg

pH = 2–10

T = 30 °C

t = 0–24 h

Co = 9–300 mg/L

R–P

E and M-e

26.93

[52]

Phenyl-modified magnetic graphene/mesoporous silica

Avermectin, imidacloprid, pyridaben, dichlorvos, acetamiprid, dursban, isocarbophos, and phoxim

Adsorbent dose = 100 mg

pH = 2–12

T = 25–35 °C

t = 0–2 h

Co = 391–48430 μg/L

F

Ps1

9.208 (Avermectin); 6.404 (Imidacloprid); 12.72 (Pyridaben); 47.78 (Dichlorvos); 5.108 (Acetamiprid); 8.010 (Dursban); 2.877 (Isocarbophos); 8.233 (Phoxim)

[53]

Mesoporous carbon derived from a biopolymer and a clay

Dicamba Pestanal

Adsorbent dose = 30 mg

pH = 2–11

T = 25–55 °C

t = 0.3–2 h

Co = 25–1000 mg/L

L

Ps2

251.9

[54]

Graphene oxide-based silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with 2-phenylethylamine

Chlorpyrifos, parathion, and malathion

Adsorbent dose = 2–40 mg

pH = 3–11

T = 25 °C

t = 0–1 h

Co = 0.3–5 μg/mL

sips

Ps2

25.6 (chlorpyrifos); 135 (parathion); 61.9 (malathion)

[55]

Four Indian soils

α-endosulfan

β-endosulfan

Adsorbent dose = 5 g

pH = 2–8

T = 28 °C

t = 0.25–24 h

Co = 0.15–100 mg/L

L

0.10–0.45 (α-endosulfan)

0.094–0.272 (β-endosulfan)

[99]

Natural montmorillonite

Ametryn

Adsorbent dose = 0.20 g

pH = 2–12

T = 30–50 °C

t = 0–7 h

Co = 25–150 mg/L

L

Ps2

188.81

[59]

Polyaniline/BEA zeolite composites

Nicosulfuron

Adsorbent dose = 20 mg

pH = 5

T = 23 °C

t = 0–40 h

Co = 10–100 mg/L

L-F

18.4–25.4 (Protonated PANI/BEA composites); 18.2 (pristine BEA zeolite); 29.8 (PANIs)

[102]

Magnetic graphene oxide–cyclodextrin

Thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, clothianidin, and thiacloprid

Adsorbent dose = 5 mg

pH = 2–11

t = 0–120 min

Co = 0.5–100 mg/L

F

Ps2

0.558 (thiamethoxam); 0.363 (imidacloprid); 0.362 (acetamiprid); 0.639 (nitenpyram); 0.533 (dinotefuran); 0.412 (clothianidin), and 0.275 (thiacloprid)

[60]

LaFe0.9Co0.1O3

Vitavax

Adsorbent dose = 1–3 g/L

T = 15–45 °C

t = 5–40 min

Co = 200–800 mg/L

L

Ps1

166.67

[64]

LaFe0.1Co0.9O3

Vitavax

Adsorbent dose = 1–3 g/L

T = 15–45 °C

t = 5–40 min

Co = 200–800 mg/L

L

Ps1

142.86

[64]

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Diazinon

Adsorbent dose = 0.1 and 0.3 g/L

pH = 4 and 7

T = 24 °C

t = 1–15 min

Co = 0–100 mg/L

[62]

Modified chitosan material

Pentachlorophenol

Adsorbent dose = 0.02–0.20 g

pH = 2–12

T = 20–40 °C

t = 0–3 h

Co = 0–100 mg/L

R-P

Ps2

36.85 (20 °C); 32.19 (30 °C); 22.35 (40 °C)

[63]

Algerian palygorskite modified with magnetic iron (Pur Pal); (FeO Pal1); (FeO Pal2);

Linuron

Adsorbent dose = 0.025 g to 0.2 g

T = 20 °C

t = 0–1400 min

Co = 0.5–10 mg/L

F

Ps2

Pur Pal-545;

FeO Pal1-1099;

FeO Pal2-1695

[67]

Copper modified microcrystalline cellulose

Prometryn

Adsorbent dose = 0.1–1.5 g

pH = 2–14

T = 30–50 °C

t = 0–24 h

Co = 30–150 mg/L

Shaking speed = 100–250 rpm

L

Ps2

97.80

[68]

  1. 2,4,5-T 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid, 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic, 4-CPA 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, CFA 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid, Ps1 pseudo-first-order model, Ps2 pseudo-second-order model, E Elovich, L Langmuir, F Freundlich, R-P Redlich–Peterson, M-e M-exponential, PANIs polyanilines, PEI polyethyleneimine, J Jossens, Pur Pal colloidal solution of Fe3O4 with a 1% mass dispersion of purified palygorskite, FeO Pal1 non-hydrothermally treated magnetic FeO Pal nanoparticles, FeO Pal2 hydrothermally treated magnetic FeO Pal nanoparticles