Table 3 Major compounds isolated from root extracts of R. nepalensis and their pharmacological activities

Rumexoside (9) Torachysone (10)

Orientaloside (11)

Aloesin (15)

Solvent extraction

(n-butanol)

Anti-inflammatory

[4, 24, 40]

Chrysophanol (1) and its derivatives (4)

Emodin (3) and its derivatives (8)

Soxhlet extraction

(methanol)

Antifungal

Antioxidant

Anticancer

Anti-inflammatory

[46, 51, 67]

Neopodin (14)

Solvent extraction

(ethyl acetate)

Anti-inflammatory

[40]

Nepalenside A (7)

Nepalenside B (8)

Solvent extraction

(ethanol)

Antidiabetic

Cytotoxic

[40, 51]

Torachrysone (10)

Aloesin (15)

Epicatechin gallate (19)

Orcinol glucoside (22)

Solvent extraction

(methanol)

Antimicrobial

Antioxidant

Antitumor

Antidiabetics

Anti-inflammatory

[4, 24, 67]

Chrysophanol (1)

Neopodin (14)

Solvent extraction

(methanol)

Anti-inflammatory

[70]