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Table 1 Diazepam withdrawal scoring

From: Inhibition of NMDA receptors by agmatine is followed by GABA/glutamate balance in benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome

Activity

Score

Vocalization

 No abnormality

0

 Mild

1

 Intermediate

2

 Severe

3

Agitation

 No agitation

0

 Rats showing irritable agitation

1

 Handling vocalization/very aggressive

2

 Spontaneous vocalization and very aggressive

3

Ear-twitching (shaking or trembling of ear)

 Absence

0

 Mild

1

 Intermediate

2

 Severe

3

Fascicular twitch (shaking or trembling of nape)

 Absence

0

 Mild

1

 Intermediate

2

 Severe

3

Tremors

 No tremor

0

 Normal body vibrations

1

 Tremor and rigidity

2

 Severe shivering or shaking

3

Handling-induced clonic convulsion

 Absence

0

 Rats showing only wild running

1

 Rats showing tonic-clonic seizure

2

 Rats showing severe tonic-clonic seizure \90 S

3

Spontaneous clonic convulsion

 Absence

0

 Rats showing only wild running

1

 Rats showing tonic-clonic seizure

2

 Rats showing severe tonic-clonic seizure \90 S

3

Abnormal posture

 Normal posture

0

 Mild head-down, back-hunched

1

 Moderate head-down, back-hunched

2

 Prominent head-down, back-hunched

3