Bio-competitive exclusion: efficacy of non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi-L morphotypes in control of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Table 1 Origins of isolates of Aspergillus flavus utilized in this current study native to Zimbabwe

Isolate	Aflatoxin B (B₁ + B₂)^b	Location	Coordinates	Agro-ecological zone^c
CHv 105	−	Chivi	20° 05″ S, 31° 37′ 12″ E	NR V
CHr 1701	−	Chiredzi	18° 55" S, 29° 49' 18" E	NR V
GWe 2274	−	Gwenhoro	19° 46′ 2″ S, 29° 52′ 32″ E	NR IV
CHp 1019	−	Chipinge	20° 12′ 0″ S, 32° 37′ 12″ E	NR I
GKw 2471	−	Gokwe	18° 13′ 12″ S, 28° 56′ 24″ E	NR III
MRn 9932	−	Marondera	18° 15′ 0″ S, 31° 30′ 0″ E	NR IIa
MTd 0208	−	Mount Darwin	16° 45′ 54″ S, 31° 34′ 30″ E	NR IIb
NRRL 21882	−	Georgia (USA)	34° 7′ 36″ N, 83° 35′ 25″ W	–
ZMW 0127	+	Gweru (Zimbabwe)	19° 27′ 41″ S, 29° 48′ 08″ E	NR IV

^aAll the isolates in this section are native to Zimbabwe except NRRL 21882 which is native to the USA. Each isolate belonged to a distinct haplotype which corresponded to a unique African Aspergillus flavus vegetative compatibility group. Haplotype refers to multilocus haploid genotypes based on allele calls at each of 17 SSR loci [7]
^bAflatoxin B (B₁ + B₂): +, toxigenic, aflatoxin production; −, atoxigenic, no aflatoxin production
^cNR natural agro-ecological regions in Zimbabwe: NRI Natural Region I, NR IIa Natural Region IIa, NR IIb Natural Region IIb, NR III Natural Region III, NR IV Natural Region IV, NR V Natural Region V