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Table 1 Summary of phage pharmaceutical and their phage-based product

From: Phage therapy as a revolutionary medicine against Gram-positive bacterial infections

Name of the pharmaceuticals/centers

Location

Target Gram-positive pathogen

Name of the phage product

Platform

Product approval agent

Objective

Pherecydes Pharma

France

Staphylococcus aureus

PHOSA

Phage cocktail

N/A

To treat infections of bone and joint or diabetic foot ulcer infections

Armata Pharmaceuticals

USA

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans

AP-SA02

Synthetic phages

FDA

They use synthetic phages in which phage are engineered to express C16G2 antimicrobial peptide for treating tooth decays caused by S. aureus and S. mutans

Eliava Phage Institute

Georgia

Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, Enterococcus spp.

Staphylococcal, SES, FERSISI, INTESTI, PYO Bacteriophages

Natural phages and personalized phage cocktails

N/A

Largest phage therapy center that works on various number of infections caused by resistant pathogens

Intralytix Pharmaceuticals

USA

Staphylococcus aureus

PhagoBioDerm

Natural phage

FDA

Targeting the leg ulcers caused by Staphylococcus aureus, they have successful completed the phase I clinical trials

Adaptive Phage Therapeutics

USA

Staphylococcus aureus

N/A

Personalized phage cocktails

Not approved by FDA, currently they are treating patient on eIND

The host range of the phages (deposited in phage bank) is determined by calorimetric method against the pathogen isolated from the patients and given in the cocktail for therapy

Locus Biosciences

USA

Clostridium difficile

crPhageâ„¢

CRISPR/Cas engineered phage

FDA

To treat recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI)

Phagelux

China

Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis

PL-01-SS,PL-03-BM,PL-06-FC,PL-01-SZ,

Natural phages, endolysin

N/A

For treatment of infection caused by Staphylococcus spp. such as burn wounds, ulcers, acne, eczema and implant related. They are in the pre-clinical studies of the phage products

Phagomed

Austria

Staphylococcus aureus

N/A

Natural phage cocktails

Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)

To treatment biofilms and implant associated infections

Microgen

Russia

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp.

Sextaphag®, Complex pyobacteriophage, Streptococcus bacteriophage

Natural phage cocktails

N/A

To treat various number of infections caused by S. aureus and Streptococcus spp. in combination with other phages of Gram-negative pathogens

GangaGen

India

Staphylococcus aureus

P128 (ectolysin)

Phage-encoded endolysin

N/A

They are in the Phase II clinical trial of lysin against MRSA

ContraFect

USA

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pneumonia

Enterococcus faecalis

Group B streptococcus

Bacillus anthracis

CF-301 (Exebacase),

G.P.lysins

Phage-encoded endolysin

FDA

To treat endocarditis, prosthetic joint infections caused by MRSA and also against other Gram-positive bacterial infections. Lysin is used in combination with SOC antibiotic (e.g., vancomycin, daptomycin) that is found to enhance the efficacy. Exebacase is the first lysin to enter phase III clinical trial in USA

  1. N/A information not available, FDA Food and Drug Administration, eIND emergency investigational new drug