Table 3 Examples of the application of nisin under high-pressure conditions showing increased microbial inactivation
Treatment | Target organism(s) | Substrate | Inactivation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
High pressure and nisin | E. coli and P. fluorescens | Skim milk |  > 8 log CFU/mL reduction | E. P. Black et al. [18] |
| Â | L. innocua and E. coli | Carrot juice | 7-log CFU/mL reduction | Pokhrel et al. [116] |
| Â | S. aureus | Cheese | 7 log CFU/g reduction | Capellas et al. [24] |
|  | S. aureus | Milk cheese |  > 7 log CFU/g reduction on day 3 | Arqués et al. [7] |
|  | L. innocua and E. coli | Avocado dressing |  > 7 log CFU/mL reduction | |
| Â | S. Enteritidis | Broth | 8 log CFU/mL reduction | J. Lee et al. [79] |
|  | S. Enteritidis | Broth |  > 9 log CFU/mL reduction | Ogihara et al. [103] |
| Â | Escherichia coli | Green juice (celery stalk, apple, cucumber, parsley) | 7 log CFU/mL reduction | |
| Â | Mesophilic spore count | Liquid micellar casein concentrates | 2 log CFU/g reduction | GarcÃa et al. [52] |
|  | Spores of A. acidoterrestris | Apple juice | 6.15 log CFU/g reduction | Sokołowska et al. [137] |
High pressure CO2 (HPCD) and nisin | Spores of B. subtilis | Broth | 4.1 log CFU/mL reduction | Rao et al. [120] |
|  | Spores of B. subtilis, G. stearothermophilus | Metal plate |  > 7 log CFU/mL reduction | da Silva et al. [35] |
High hydrostatic pressure (HP), moderate heat and nisin | Spores of B. sporothermodurans | Broth | 5 log CFU/mL reduction | Aouadhi et al. [5] |
| Â | Spores of C. perfringens | Milk | 6 log CFU/mL reduction | Y. Gao et al. [51] |
| Â | Paenibacillus sp. and Terribacillus aidingensis spores | UHT milk | 6 log CFU/mL and 4 log CFU/mL reduction |