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Table 4 Summary of methods and conclusions of the articles included in this meta-analysis

From: Diagnostic accuracy, available treatment, and diagnostic methods of dental caries in practice: a meta-analysis

S.no

Author/year

Method

Age and number of participants

Techniques for dental caries

Conclusion

1

Innes et al. (2020)

Randomized controlled trial

1462 children of 3 to 7 years

Children oral health-related quality life and modified child dental anxiety scale was studied

They divided their study into 3 groups. The groups were prevention and biological management, prevention and conventional carious management, and central administration with variable length random permuted block. They concluded no evidence of any difference in pain sensation and sensitivity among all the three groups and also included in their results that all the three groups were equally prone to dental caries

2

Pine et al. (2020)

Randomized clinical trial

241 children of 5 to 7 years

DR-BNI

Out of the total studied children, 119 received DR-BNI led from trained nurses and another group had parent nurse conversation about the oral health of children. They concluded 29% lowered risk of appearance of dental caries in the DR-BN1 group. They further advocated changing preventive dental practice in children

3

Santos et al. (2019)

Randomized controlled trial

1589 children of 8–10 years of age

dental pain management

Conducted a randomized clinical trial in which the dental pain was reported by the students themselves. They also examined the possibilities and presence of caries in these children and concluded that this dental pain can be due to clinical, socio-demographic, and psychosocial indicators

4

Jamieson et al. (2019)

Randomized controlled trial

448 mother and care givers

 

Conducted their study on 448 caregivers or mothers and found that the children who are cared for till their 5 years of age and those who are not living in metropolitans are less prone for caries

5

Tickle et al. (2019)

Randomized controlled trial

1147 participants of all age groups

Used 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste

Conducted randomized clinical trial on adults and fluoride-containing toothpaste of 5000 ppm concentration to be effective to avoid dental caries in adult individuals

6

da Silva et al. (2019)

Randomized clinical trial

the sample size is not clear, children between 4 and 8 years of age were selected

HVGIC

Conducted a randomized clinical trial to study the existing appropriate treatment for deep caries in primary teeth. They reported the use of HVGIC for dental caries without the use of rubber dam and anesthesia

7

Fernando et al. (2019)

Randomized controlled trial

not clear

CPP-ACP, and SnF2

Conducted a randomized controlled trial and found CPP-ACP and SnF2 combination effective against dental caries and erosion

8

Stafuzza et al. (2019)

Randomized clinical trial

36 molar teeth of children of age 5–8

dental barrier thickness and radiographic study

Conducted clinical trial on 36 patients with follow-up for one year and found that on the removal of early caries chances of infection of other teeth are reduced

9

Milgrom et al. (2018)

Randomized controlled trial

38 children

Silver diamine fluoride 38%

Conducted their study on preschool children divided into 2 groups. Children of both groups were having dental lesions. They collected dental plaques of all the children pre-treatment and after application of silver diamine fluoride 38% for 3 days. They evaluated that risk of caries was lower in the treatment group as compared to the placebo group. On RNA sequencing, they found less microbial presence in the treatment, and hence, they concluded 38% silver diamine caries to be a better treatment for dental caries

10

Frese et al. (2018)

Randomized controlled trial

54 athletes

stannous fluoride application

Conducted a randomized controlled clinical trial for 4 years on athletes, they included 54 patients in control and test groups. The test group was treated with specific stannous fluoride in a significant examination time and found it effective for the treatment of dental caries

11

Megalaa et al. (2018)

Randomized controlled trial

60 patients

Tulsi and black myrobalans as mouth cleaner

Conducted a randomized controlled trial on 60 patients with severe dental caries and asked them to rinse their mouth with a mixture of black myrobalans and tulsi and found this mixture effective in the treatment of dental caries

12

Arrow and Klobas, (2017)

Randomized controlled trial

234 children

ECC management

Compared dental anxiety of children in two groups the test group received ECC. They concluded that an increase in treatment helped decrease the anxiety in children regarding their dental caries

13

Jordan et al. (2016)

Cohort study

  

Conducted a clinical trial for 15 years and concluded that the patients having dental caries in infections are more prone to caries in their older ages

14

Mathur et al. (2016)

Randomized clinical trial

94 children of 7 to 10 years

CBCT, IPT, and HU

Conducted a randomized clinical trial they found HU, CBCT, and IPT equally effective for oral treatment

15

Heima et al. (2015)

Randomized controlled trial

423

dental examination through the international dental caries assessment system

Reported in their study that the behavior of caregivers plays an important role in reducing the chances of appearance of dental caries

16

Peterson et al. (2013)

Clinical trial

8

genetic investigation of plaque

Conducted a 16S rDNA profiling of two groups one with dental caries and without dental caries to study the microbiome of dental plaque. They reported significant heterogeneity to define the progression and onset of dental caries

17

Liu et al. (2013)

Randomized controlled trial

2376 individual among 50–60

DMFT

Conducted a study on 2376 elderly people, they found that the Chinese population is more prone to dental caries especially elderly people who are smokers and don’t have any dental insurance

18

Alkarimi et al. (2012)

Randomized controlled trial

86 children of 75 to 92 months

random dental checkups

Conducted a study on 86 children divided into two equal groups. In their study, they concluded that treatment of severe dental caries in children can improve their appetite

19

Kopycka-Kedzierawski and Billings (2011)

Randomized controlled trial (cross-sectional study)

234 children of12 to 60 months

tactile oral examination and teledentistry examination

Conducted randomized controlled trial on 234 children among them 28% had dental caries and 61% never had dental caries. They reported that continued efforts and checkups can avoid the chances of the appearance of dental caries