From: Biotechnological potentials of halophilic microorganisms and their impact on mankind
Source organism | Cell/by products used for nanoparticle synthesis | Nano particle types | Morphology | Size (nm) | Mechanism | Applications | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Halococcus salifodinae | Whole cell | Tellurium nanoparticles (TeNPs) | Needle shaped | Diameter of 10Â nm and length of 44Â nm | Tellurite reductase was responsible for tellurite resistance and nanoparticle synthesis | Antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria | [54] |
Bacillus megaterium | Whole cell | Selenium nanoparticle | Spherical | 200Â nm | N/D | Reduction in selenite | [56] |
Halomonas eurihalina | Whole cell | Graphene oxide (GO) | Doubled layered graphene sheet | ≈ 2.7 nm | Bacterial anaerobic reduction of GO | Enzyme encapsulation, biomaker of cancer | [57] |
Halobacillus sp. | Whole cell | Cadmium quantum Dots (Cd-QDs) | Regular polyhedral | 3.56 nm | Interaction of sulphide (S2 −) and metal ion | Biomedical applications | [58] |
Salinicoccus sp. | Whole cell | Lead and nickel nanoparticle | N/D | Lead 80–100, nickel 10–20 nm | N/D | Heavy metal bioremediation | [55] |
Halobacterium sp. | Gas vesicles | Gas vesicle nanoparticles (GVNPs) | Spindle-shaped vesicles | N/D | Gene fusion | Bioengineering for vaccine development | [59] |
Halomonas maura | Exopolysaccharide | ZnS:Mn-Quatum dots | Nanoclusters | 10 − 20 nm | Anionic binding | Fluorescent agent for in vitro imaging | [60] |
Geomicrobium sp. | Extracellular enzymes (protease) | Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) | N/D | 70 nm | Ionic interaction | Increasing stability of protein | [61] |
Halomonas salifodiane | Polyhydroxyalkanoates PHA | Poly (3 HV-co-3HB)-based nanoparticles | Polymeric granules | 179 ± 12.1 nm | Emulsification–diffusion mode of PHA and nanoparticles | Antibacterial agent | [62] |
Cupriavidus necator | Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) | Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) | Spherical | 76–95 nm | Nucleation effect of nanoparticles | Biodegradable plastics, antimicrobial agent against the food-borne pathogens | [63] |