Fig. 1

Several mechanisms of actions of traditional phytomedicines and phytoconstituents to perform anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy. “(A) inhibition of main protease and 3C-like protease, (B) Disruption of microtubules, viral trafficking and formulation of double membrane vesicles, (C) Binding affinity toward host macromolecular target protein to make it unavailable and (D) Downregulation of ACE2 receptor anchorage and TMPRSS2 expression which ultimately causes inhibition of viral replication.” (Figure with legend adapted from Alam et al. [9])