Table 3 Pharmacologically significant pteridophyte species and their few representative bioactive chemical compounds
From: Medicinal pteridophytes: ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and clinical attributes
Class | Bioactive compounds | IUPAC name | Family |
|---|---|---|---|
Alkaloids | Huperzine A (C15H18N2O) | (1R,9R,13E)-1-Amino-13-ethylidene-11-methyl-6-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2(7),3,10-trien-5-one | Lycopodiaceae |
Huperzine B (C16H20N2O) | (1R,9R,10R)-16-Methyl-6,14-diazatetracyclo[7.5.3.01,10.02,7]heptadeca-2(7),3,16-trien-5-one | ||
Huperzine R (C15H21NO3) | (1S,6R)-6-Methyl-2-oxa-9-azatricyclo[7.4.3.04,13]hexadec-4(13)-ene-3,8-dione | ||
Cernuine (C16H26N2O) | (3aS,5S,6aR,7aS,12aS)-5-Methyltetradecahydro-11H-pyrido[1',2':3,4]pyrimido[2,1,6-de]quinolizin-11-one | ||
Lycocernuine (C14H14O2) | 3-[2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phenol | ||
Lycopodine (C16H25NO) | (15R)-15-Methyllycopodan-5-one | ||
Flavonoids | Apigenin (C15H10O5) | 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one | Marattiaceae |
Luteolin (C15H10O6) | 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one | ||
Violanthin (C27H30O14) | 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-4H-chromen-4-on e | ||
Isoviolanthin (C27H30O14) | 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-4H-chromen-4-on e | ||
Muxiangrine III (C23H24O6) | 2-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6,8-dimethylchromen-4-one | ||
Phenolics | Rutin (C27H30O16) | 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl 6-O-(6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside | Pteridaceae, Adiantaceae, Aspleniaceae, Davalliaceae |
Cinnamic acids (C9H8O2) | (E)-3-Phenylprop-2-enoic acid | ||
caffeic acid (C9H8O4) | (2E)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid | ||
Quinic acid (C7H12O) | (1S,3R,4S,5R)-1,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid | ||
Catechin (C15H14O6) | (2R,3S)-2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-chromanetriol | ||
Coumarin (C9H6O2) | 2H-Chromen-2-one | ||
Anthraquinone (C14H8O2) | 9,10-Anthracenedione | ||
Dihydrochalcone (C15H14O) | 1,3-Diphenyl-1-propanone | ||
Diterpenoid | Pterokaurane M1(C20H32O3) | (2β,5β,8α,9β,10α,13α,15α)-Kaur-16-ene-2,15,19-triol | Pteridaceae |
Sesquiterpenoids | 2,5,7-Trimethyl-indan-1-one (C12H14O) | 2,5,7-Trimethyl-1-indanone | Pteridaceae |
Pterosin Z (C15H20O2) | 6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2,2,5,7-tetramethyl-1-indanone | ||
Ptaquiloside (C20H30O8) | (2'R,3a'R,4'S,7a'R)-4'-Hydroxy-2',4',6'-trimethyl-3'-oxo-2',3',3a',4'-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopropane-1,5'-inden]-7a'(1'H)-yl β-D-glucopyranoside | ||
Triterpenoids | β-sitosterol (C29H50O) | (3β)-Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | Polypodiaceae |
Scaphopetalone (C21H26O6) | 4-[(1R,2S,3S)-2,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]-2-methoxyphenol | ||
Neohop-13(18)-ene (C30H50) | (3R,3aR,5aS,5bR,7aS,11aS,11bR)-3-Isopropyl-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,5a,5b,6,7,7a,8,9,10,11,11a,11b,12,13-octadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]chrysene | ||
Diploptene (C30H50) | Hop-22(29)-ene |