Circadian mechanism disruption is associated with dysregulation of inflammatory and immune responses: a systematic review

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Table 2 Effect of circadian rhythm in associated diseases

S. no.	Study	Gene studied	Animal	Outcome	References
1	KO	CLOCK	Mice	Hypertension	[120]
2	KO	CLOCK	Mice	Mild diabetes insipidus	[121]
3	KO	Per1	Mice	Lower blood pressure	[122]
4	Double KO	Cry1/2	Mice	Hypertension	[123]
5	KO	BMAL1	Mice	Reduced blood pressure	[124]
6	Mutant	CLOCK	Mice	Obesity and hyperlipidemia	[19]
7	Triple KO	Period 1/2/3	Mice	Obesity	[125]
8	KO	BMAL1	Mice	Obesity and hyperlipidemia	[126]
9	KO	REV-ERB-γ	Mice	Increased adiposity and deregulated fatty acid/glucose utilization	[127]
10	Double KO	REV-ERB-α/ β	Mice	Deregulation lipid metabolism	[128]
11	KO	BMAL1 and CLOCK	Mice	Diabetic with reduced plasma insulin levels	[12]
12	SNPs	Bmal1	Human	Gestational diabetes mellitus	[129]
13	KO	BMAL1	Mice	Reduced plasma insulin levels	[130]
14	KO	Pancreas-specific BMAL1	Mice	Hyperglycaemia	[12]
15	KO	Cry1/2	Mice	Hyperglycemia	[131]
16	Adrenalectomy	Per1	Mice	Reduce glucocorticoid signalling	[132]
17	KO	Per1	Mice	Higher plasma and pineal melatonin	[133]
18	Melatonin intervention	-	Human prostate cancer cells	Increased expression of Per1 and CLOCK, decreased BMAL1	[134]
19	Mutant	Per2	Mice	TLR9 upregulated in spleen	[135]
20	KO	Cry1/2	Mice	Upregulation (NF)-κB	[136]
21	KO	BMAL1	Mice	Decreased fertility and implantation defects	[137]
22	KO	CLOCK	Mice	Decreased fertility	[138]
23	TRF (10 h/day for 12 weeks) intervention	–	Human	Reduced body weight, visceral fat, lowered blood pressure and decreased HbA1c	[139]

KO knock-out mice, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, TRF time restricted feeding