Table 2 Sulphate polysaccharide (SP)-based nanomaterial and their functions and biological properties
SP macroalgae | Sub-form of SP | Pigments of the macroalgae | SP functional properties | Biological properties | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carrageenan NPs | ĸ, j, i, e, and µ | Red-phycocyanin, phycoerythrin | Gelling binding Thickening Emulsion Viscosity controller Suspending agents | Lipid barrier properties, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, antioxidant, and antimicrobials | |
Agar NPs | – | Red-phycocyanin, phycoerthrin | Excellent gelling Emulsifying agent Thickening Clarifying, Texturizing | Antioxidant, anti-tumour, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-coagulant, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, and laxative properties | |
Ulvan NPs | A3s, B3s, U3s, U2s, 3s | Green chlorophyll a and b, carotene | Adhesion, Caking Viscosity and thickening, encapsulation, suspension | Anti-inflammatory, anti-septic, anti-viral, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial properties | |
Fucoidan NPs | F, L, U, G, GA | Brown Fucoxanthin | Gelling, Foaming Suspension Improving quality, Chemical reactivity Controlling moisture | Immunoregulatory, anti-complementary, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-neoplastic, antioxidant, blood thinners, mucosal shielding agent |