Table 2 List of ELISA applications in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 (adapted and modified from Espejo et al. [76])

RBD

40

30

207

100

100

Total antibody

[77]

S1

5

120

ND

95

98

IgG

[78]

RBD and SP

53

ND

ND

IgA: 92, IgG: 96, and IgM: 98

99.3

 > 10 days after PCR-proven infection

[79]

SP and RBD

16

0

50

ND

ND

Included isotype expression

[80]

RBD

30

10

72

93

100

Total antibody

[81]

S1

30

10

72

67

96

IgG

S1

30

10

72

93

93

IgA

NP

208

150

140

ND

ND

IgM, IgG and IgA timeline

[82]

RBD

161

213

ND

93

99

Total antibody timeline

[83]

RBD

143

213

ND

83

99

IgM timeline

NP

112

197

ND

65

99

IgG timeline

SP, S1, NP and RBD

41

76

192

ND

IgG and IgA, PRNT

[84]

NP

214

100

ND

80

100

IgM and IgG timeline

[85]

RBD

214

100

ND

82

100

IgM and IgG timeline

NP

80

100

ND

89

100

IgG

[86]

RBD

80

300

ND

98

100

Total antibody

RBD

80

300

ND

93

100

IgM

NP

238

120

ND

82

94

Versus PCR results, timeline

[87]

NP + RBD

12

6

ND

ND

ND

Included quantitative titres

[88]

NP

16

ND

ND

IgG:94 and IgM:88

ND

IgM and IgG

[89]

RBD

16

ND

ND

IgG:100 and IgM:94

ND

Unknown

63

35

ND

87

100

Compared to LFIA

[90]

RBD

76

ND

150

99

99

Total antibody

[91]

RBD

76

ND

150

89

99

IgM

S1

43

ND

161

82

99

IgG

S1

76

ND

161

97

94

IgA

SP and NP

130

16

ND

ND

ND

IgG and prognosis

[92]

S1

128

10

72

84

88

IgG, IgA and timeline

[93]

RBD

130

108

52

 > 80

 > 95

IgM/IgG 16 after symptoms

[94]

S1

69

412

ND

97

98

Included asymptomatic study

[95]

S1 and RBD

77

60

40

Presented by timeline

83 IgA and 97–98 others

IgA, IgG, IgM, and total antibody

[96]