Interleukin-22 and interleukin-33 show up-regulated levels in the serum of patients with mild/moderate Coronavirus disease 2019

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

Table 1 Baseline data for COVID-19 cases and controls

Variable^a		COVID-19 cases; n = 90	HC; n = 90	p-value
Age; year		40.0 ± 10.5	38.9 ± 6.6	0.423
Age group; year	20–39	44 (48.9)	48 (53.3)	0.551
	40–65	46 (51.1)	42 (46.7)
Gender	Male	54 (60.0)	58 (64.4)	0.539
	Female	36 (40.0)	32 (35.6)
BMI	Normal-weight	21 (23.3)	28 (31.1)	0.241
	Overweight/obese	69 (76.7)	62 (68.9)
SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer; U/L	0.24 ± 0.21	NA	NA
SARS-CoV-2 IgM titer; U/L	1.64 ± 0.35	NA	NA
ESR; mm/h	46.3 ± 17.2	13.5 ± 4.5	< 0.001
WBC × 10⁹/L	8.5 ± 3.1	7.0 ± 1.3	< 0.001
Granulocyte × 10⁹/L	5.9 ± 2.7	3.9 ± 1.1	< 0.001
Lymphocyte × 10⁹/L	2.1 ± 0.9	2.6 ± 0.6	< 0.001
Monocyte × 10⁹/L	0.6 ± 0.3	0.5 ± 0.1	0.118
GLR	3.4 ± 2.2	1.6 ± 0.5	< 0.001
LMR	3.6 ± 1.2	4.9 ± 1.5	< 0.001
ALT; U/L	37.4 ± 33.0	32.1 ± 13.0	0.161
AST; U/L	30.7 ± 13.2	28.7 ± 7.2	0.21
ALP; IU/L	91.6 ± 57.0	80.6 ± 22.2	0.09
Cholesterol; mg/dL	188.3 ± 102.3	182.9 ± 20.3	0.827
Triglycerides; mg/dL	131.3 ± 32.1	117.0 ± 32.6	0.004
RBG; mg/dL	153.6 ± 85.4	99.1 ± 16.3	< 0.001

HC Healthy controls, BMI Body mass index, SARS-CoV-2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, WBC White blood cell, GLR Granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, LMR Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, ALT Alanine transaminase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; RBG: Random blood glucose, p: Two-tailed probability (significant p-value is indicated in bold), NA Not applicable
^aData are given as mean ± standard deviation (parametric variable) or number followed by percentage in parenthesis (categorical variable). Significance was determined using one-way analysis of variance test (parametric variable) or Pearson's Chi-square test (categorical variable)