Table 1 Composition of chemicals (%) for raw fly ash by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer collected from different sites

Al₂O₃

51.72

35.84

28.87

28.73

30.51

18.50

19.1–28.6

12.5–35.6

Cao

5.21

2.99

1.73

11.54

0.83

19.80

1.4–22.4

0.5–28.9

Fe₂O₃

2.25

4.24

11.93

18.07

5.71

16.80

6.8–25.5

2.6–21.2

K₂O

0.35

0.74

0.34

1.26

2.90

0.9–2.6

0.4–4

MgO

0.15

1.39

1.79

0.59

1.89

0.7–4.8

0.6–3.8

MnO

0.03

Na₂O

0.05

0.30

0.29

0.19

1.14

0.3–1.8

0.1–1.9

P₂O

0.42

0.1–0.3

0.1–1.7

SiO₂

29.47

55.54

50.73

37.88

57

29.80

37.8–58.5

28.5–59.7

SO₃

0.35

0.38

0.14

4.85

0.1–2.1

0.1–12.7

TiO₂

1.83

1.23

1.41

1.61

1.1–1.6

0.5–2.6

Source

Coal-fired power plant

Coal-fired power plant, China

Rajhi cement plant, Jordan

Alborzsarghi coal company, Iran

Coal-fired thermal power plants

Power plant, Thailand

Coal-fired power plant, U.S

Coal-fired power plant, Europe

References

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]

[60]

[60]