Table 1 List of regulators of EMT process in RPE targeting via different signaling cascades
EMT-regulating agent | Involved signaling pathway | Effects on EMT process in RPE | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Nicotinamide (NAM) | Rho-ROCK signaling | ↓ EMT | |
SB202190 (p38MAPK chemical inhibitor) | MAPK signaling | ↓ EMT | [36] |
Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor) and Simvastatin (RhoA inhibitor) | Rho signaling SMAD signaling | ↓ EMT | [11] |
BMP7 | BMP7/ SMAD2/5/9 signaling TGFβ2/SMAD2/3 signaling | ↓ EMT | [66] |
LYTAK1 (TAK1 inhibitors) | ERK/AKT signaling | ↓ EMT | [70] |
Troglitazone and pioglitazone (PPAR-γ agonist) | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | |
Trichostatin A | Jagged/Notch signaling Smad signaling MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling | ↓ EMT | [75] |
BMP4 | TGFβ signaling |  | [67] |
Curcumin | AKT signaling MAPK signaling TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [80] |
Sodium iodate (NAI) | – | Oxidative stress-mediated -↓ EMT | [81] |
Glucosamine (Glc-N) | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [82] |
Fucoidan | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [13] |
Erlotinib (EGFR inhibitors) | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [83] |
Baicalein (inhibitors of 12/15 lipoxygenase) | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [69] |
Bradykinin (BK) | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [65] |
Proteasome inhibitor (MG132) | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [84] |
Salinomycin (SNC) | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [71] |
Resveratrol | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [85] |
Protein kinase-A inhibitor (H89) | TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [72] |
Heavy chain-hyaluronan/pentraxin3 | Wnt signaling and TGFβ signaling | ↓ EMT | [52] |