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Table 10 Summary of histopathological effects as seen in the liver, kidney and spleen

From: Solubility enhancing lipid-based vehicles for artemether and lumefantrine destined for the possible treatment of induced malaria and inflammation: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Lesion

Control (normal saline)

2 mg/kg ART + 12 mg/kg LUM

4 mg/kg ART + 24 mg/kg LUM

8 mg/kg ART + 48 mg/kg LUM

Infected untreated

Haemosiderosis (liver)

0,0,1

3,1,2

2,2,1

2,1,1

3,2,3

Periportal mononuclear cells infiltration (liver)

0,0,0

2,2,1

1,1,2

0,0,1

3,3,3

Hepatic necrosis/vacuolations (liver)

0,0,0

1,0,2

1,1,1

3,2,2

2,1,1

Kupffer cell hyperplasia (liver)

0,0,0

1,1,2

1,0,1

0,0,1

3,3,2

Mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration (kidney)

0,0,0

1,1,2

1,0,2

0,0,1

3,2,2

Tubular degeneration/vacuolations/nephrosis (kidney)

0,0,0

1,0,1

1,1,1

3,2,2

2,1,1

Haemosiderosis (spleen)

0,0,1

3,1,1

2,1,1

2,1,0

3,2,1

Megakaryoblast hyperplasia (spleen)

0,0,1

3,1,2

2,2,1

2,1,1

3,2,3

Lymphoid hypoplasia (spleen)

0,0,0

1,1,2

1,0,2

1,0,1

3,2,2

Macrophages/splenic phargocytosis (spleen)

0,0,1

3,1,1

2,1,1

2,1,0

3,2,1

  1. LUM lumefantrine, ART artemether, normal (0), mild (1), moderate (2), and severe (3)