The unconventional reservoirs are which are not easy to be produced due to both very low porosity and permeability; hydraulic fracturing linear gel were prepared with basic hydrocarbons reported earlier by our group. Hydraulic fracturing is pumping of gel at high pressure under bottom hole static temperature [1]. According to the literature of past research work case study, conventional and unconventional wells depends on the area, and then the technique were water fracturing, low-temperature fluid, and cross-linker fluid [2]. The background of any frac fluids is guar gum (Fig. 1). Guar gum was an affinity to water then it foams a long polymer gel and high molecular weight (Fig. 2). Guar gum, also known as guaran, is a galactomannan polysaccharide obtained from guar beans that has thickening and stabilizing properties useful in the food, feed, and industrial applications [3]. The guar seeds are mechanically de-husked, hydrated, milled, and screened according to its application. Characteristically, it is produced as a free-flowing, off-white powder.
The guar gum has many derivatives like gymer composed, Mannose, and galactose. Now a day, more derivatives are looking very fine gives good viscosity properties. Guar gum powder is hydrated with water then the molecules unfold tends to which elevator the viscosity of the solution [4]. The solution has been established as water blocking agents in hydraulic fracturing. The frac additives added to the linear gel increased friction reducers, corrosion inhibitors and also organic compounds which kills bacterial in damaged wells [5]. Hydraulic fracturing is an innovative technique used to produce coal bed methane gas from extremely low permeability rock. The old technique was utilizing in high-temperature areas with slickwater which is mixing with frac additives, it is low cost and has less environmental effect [6]. Frequently, the gelling agents in fracturing fluids are guar gum derivatives such as hydroxyl propyl guar and carboxymethyl hydroxyl propyl guar [7]. The Linear gel should maintain basic nature while preparation of gel [8]. It is a friction reducer, anionic due to its lower cost and better drag reduction [9]. Typically, the anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria found in conventional formation and it affects production casing, in that aspects biocide should be added in linear gel to avoid from anaerobic bacteria in the reservoir [10].
Not only in petroleum fluid also Guar gum used for a good gumming agent in food and bakery purpose [11]. The guar polymer solution is mixed with some friction reducers easy to move and carrying 20/40 mesh size proppant into the fractured area [12]. The formulations and open up new opportunities for guar usage [13]. In CBM wells, the proppant conductivity drops considerably in the presence of water due to the rock-fluid interactions soften the rock leading to proppant embedment [14]. Almost all dry powders increase the viscosity of the gel after adding drill water sample [15]. Linear gels control fluid loss very well, whereas in higher permeability formations fluid loss can be excessive [16]. Linear gels tend to form thick filter cakes on the face of lower-permeability formations [17]. In this research work, we observed that multiple fractures were also done, during both the main frac job in the field [18]. Based on all literature surveys, the guar gum is multi-dimensions purpose for oil recovery in fracturing and stimulation. Slick water is the mixer of water, 2% of KCL and 2 gal/1000 gal friction reducers are polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, and acrylamido methylpropane sulfonate [19]. Slick water is to reduce friction in production tubing and casing, it has low viscosity and high pumping rate carry with low proppant concentrations [20]. The friction reducer is often used to reduce the flowing friction in the wellbore during hydro frac, breaker is also pumped into the wellbore to degrade the friction reducers in gas-tight wells cases [21]. The majority of unconventional gas reservoirs are tight gas, shale gas, coal bed methane gas, tight gas is the natural gas store in conventional limestone and sandstone reservoir and its dimension is less than 0.1 mD matrix permeability and less than 10% matrix porosity [22]. The shale gas is also natural gas that is found trapped within shale formation area [23]. Coal bed methane gas is the natural gas extracted from coal beds formations, it is also called “sweet gas” because of it lack hydrogen sulfide and distinct from the typical sandstone and other conventional reservoirs [24]. The aim of this research work is a new technique with novel designed of the linear gel realization for unconventional wells to enhancing challenging production rate, reduce the damaged wells, feasible production flow, and typically less expansive with eco-friendly. The formulation of fracturing fluid is the combination of drill water + anti-settling agents + 20/40 mesh size of sand.
