Skip to main content
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
Download PDF

Most promising solid dispersion technique of oral dispersible tablet

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences volume 9, Article number: 62 (2020) Cite this article

Abstract

Background

The most common problem about conventional dosage form is dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing). So, we design a new approach in a conventional dosage form which is oral dispersible tablet. Oral dispersible tablet is also called as mouth dissolving tablet, fast dissolving tablet, or oral disintegrating tablet. Oral dispersible tablet has advantage as it quickly disintegrates into saliva when it is put on the tongue. The faster the drug disintegrates or is dissolved, the faster the absorption and the quicker the therapeutic effect of drug will be attained.

Main text

This review article focuses on the progress in methods of manufacturing and various latest technologies involved in the development of oral disintegrating tablet. The solid dispersion technique is one of the novel techniques to manufacturing the oral dispersible tablet. Solid dispersion is basically a drug polymer two component system.

Conclusion

This review article focuses on advantages, disadvantages, materials used as carrier for solid dispersions, methods of preparation of solid dispersion, classification of solid dispersion, promising drugs that can be incorporated into oral disintegrating tablet by solid dispersion techniques, and recent research in solid dispersion technique using polymers as carriers.

Background

Now a day, tablet is a one of the most popular dosage form among all dosage form due to the advantage of its convenience of easy to administration and easy preparation procedure [1]. Oral disintegrating tablet forms are easy to disintegrate, dissolved by saliva in the mouth. Oral disintegrating tablet are useful in all types of patients like pediatric, geriatric, bedridden, mentally disabled, and the patient with dysphagia problem for conventional dosage form. Oral dispersible tablet are also used when local action in the mouth is desirable for example, local anesthetics for toothaches, mouth ulcers, cold sores, and to those who suffered from “dysphagia” for sustained action tablet or capsule [2]. So, one attempt is made towards to increase the solubility of certain class of drug. One of the most commonly used methods to increase disintegration and bioavailability of that class of drug is the solid dispersion technique. Solid dispersion technique is the most useful method to increase the disintegration and its dissolution, as well as decrease their dosing frequency; therefore, toxicity also gets reduced. Solid dispersion technique has been used as the most useful method to increase the solubility property and bioavailability of certain classes of drugs [3].

Main text

Solid dispersion

Chiou and Reigelman first defined solid dispersion as “dispersion of one or more active ingredients in an inert carrier or matrix (hydrophilic) at solid state prepared by fusion, solvent or melting solvent method” [4,5,6], or solid dispersion defined as “a dispersion that include the formation of eutectic mixtures of drug with carriers that soluble in water easily by melting of their physical mixtures” [7, 8].

Merits of solid dispersion

  1. 1

    Carrier which is used in formulation that reduces particle size so that increases solubility due to high surface area [9,10,11].

  2. 2

    When the wettability of drug candidate is increased, the dissolving property also increased. Solid dispersion increases the wettability of drug [9, 11].

  3. 3

    Solid dispersion is responsible for increasing porosity of drug. This characteristic of drug is also responsible for improving solubility [9, 12, 13].

  4. 4

    Solid dispersion is responsible for converting insoluble drug into the amorphous state which is responsible for higher degree of dissolution. The drug candidates in its amorphous state are easy to release because no energy is required for breaking the crystal lattice in dissolution process [9, 14, 15].

  5. 5

    Use of hydrophilic carrier like PEG and use of superdisintegrant like croscarmellose sodium is used in manufacturing of oral disintegrating tablet by solid dispersion technique which are responsible for increasing aqueous dissolution [7, 16].

Demerits of solid dispersion

  1. 1

    Solid dispersion have drawback like poor scale-up for the manufacturing [7].

  2. 2

    Sometimes it is difficult to handle due to tackiness problem [9].

  3. 3

    Major disadvantage of solid dispersion technique is instability. Reason behind it is that most of the carriers used in formulation are polymers which can easily absorb the moisture due to this phase separation occurs which is responsible for instability [17,18,19].

  4. 4

    Recrystallization of the amorphous drug and/or transitions occurs between polymers responsible for stability problems [18, 19].

Carriers used in solid dispersion for improving dissolution rate [11, 18] are found in Table 1.

Table 1 Carriers used in solid dispersion
Full size table

Classification of solid dispersion [4] is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1
figure 1

Classification of solid dispersion

Full size image

On the basis of molecular arrangements [4]

Simple eutectic mixtures

This type of solid dispersion is formed by fast solidification of molten state of drug and polymer which do not have miscibility when they try to crystallize just like two different components. It shows the increase in release pattern due to fine crystals, and it also shows increase in wettability due to the presence of carriers like polymers Eudragit EPO, PEG, etc.

Amorphous precipitation in crystalline matrix

It is the same as simple eutectic mixture but have minute difference as follows:

Amorphous precipitation method gives drug in precipitated form, and simple eutectic mixtures gives drug in crystalline form.

Solid solution

This type of solid dispersion is miscible in its solid state and also in its fluid state. It gives either crystalline or amorphous type. The major advantage of this type is a better dissolution rate compare to the eutectic mixture more reduced particle size of the drug. Dissolution rate of drug depends on dissolution of carriers.

Continuous type

This type of solid dispersion concern about strength of bonding between the components i.e. individual component strength of bonding is weaker than the two component strength of bonding.

Discontinuous type

This type of solid dispersion concern about the component solubility, i.e., each of the components had limited solubility in the other component.

Substitutional solid solution

In this type, one solvent molecule is substituted by another solute molecule in the crystal lattice.

Interstitial solid solutions

In this type of solid dispersion, interstitial space of the solvent lattice is replaced by the solute molecule.

On the basis of carriers used in solid dispersion [18, 20] (Fig. 2)

Methodology used or techniques of preparation of solid dispersion

There are many methods developed for preparation of solid dispersions, these methods are based on the challenge of mixing of carriers and a drug [7] (Fig. 3).

Fig. 2
figure 2

Classification of solid dispersion on based on use of carriers

Full size image
Fig. 3
figure 3

Methods of preparation of solid dispersion

Full size image

Melting method [21]

Another name of this method is a fusion method. This method includes sulfathiazole and urea as a matrix which was melted with drug followed by cooling step (Fig. 4).

Fig. 4
figure 4

Process of melting method

Full size image

Merits

This method does not require any solvent.

Demerits

  1. 1

    Drug degradation occurs due to high temperature.

  2. 2

    Incomplete miscibility between drug and polymer due to viscosity.

  3. 3

    Phase separation also occurs during cooling step.

For overcoming these demerits, the following methods are designed:

Hot stage extrusion [22]

This method include the technique where the drug and carriers are simultaneously mixed, heated, melted, homogenized, and extruded into rods, tablets, milled or pellets. The merit of this technique is that it avoids the degradation of drug during the melting (Fig. 5).

Fig. 5
figure 5

Process of hot stage extrusion

Full size image

Meltrex TM [23]

This type of solid dispersion method is patented and based on the hot melt extrusion principle. This technique is associated with special extruder with two screw and two independent hoppers which can vary the temperature over a broad range which reduces residence time of the drug in the extruder and avoid thermal stress to the drug and excipients. The major advantage of this technique is that it protects drug candidate from the oxidation and hydrolysis by complete removal of oxygen and moistures (Fig. 6).

Fig. 6
figure 6

Process of Meltrex TM

Full size image

Melt agglomeration [24]

This technique is based on conventional high shear mixers. This solid dispersion technique involves carrier as a binder and process followed by addition of drug with molten carriers to the heated excipients at a temperature when the carriers present in melting range or above that temperature (Fig. 7).

Fig. 7
figure 7

Process of melt agglomeration

Full size image

Solvent evaporation

Also known as solvent method in which solvent gets evaporated from drug and carrier solution and solid dispersion is formed. This method involves the volatile solvent that is able to dissolve the physical mixture of drug and carrier. Also, solvent contains low boiling point. The major advantage of this method is the thermal decomposition of drug and carriers is avoided at high temperature. Disadvantages: toxicity occurs due to difficulty in removal of residual solvent [25] (Fig. 8).

Fig. 8
figure 8

Process of solvent evaporation method

Full size image

Rotary evaporation [26]

Advantages

  1. 1

    Risk of phase separation is minimized.

  2. 2

    Avoid the degradation of drug and carrier at high temperature.

For complete removal of residual solvent the final solid dispersion is stored in vacuum desiccator after solvent evaporation.

Freeze drying [27]

Another name of this method is lyophilization technique. The major advantage of this method is it decreases the chance of degradation of drug and phase separation because this method tries to operate at low temperature (Fig. 9).

Fig. 9
figure 9

Process of freeze drying

Full size image

Spray drying [28]

The most commonly known and more efficient method of solid dispersion is spray drying method having the major advantage like it avoid the phase separation and is able for formation of homogeneous systems (Fig. 10).

Fig. 10
figure 10

Process of spray drying

Full size image

Supercritical anti-solvent [SAS] [29]

This is only one method which uses the carbon dioxide as a solubilizing solvent or anti-solvent in the preparation of solid dispersion (Fig. 11).

Fig. 11
figure 11

Process of SAS

Full size image

Co-precipitation [30]

This method involves drop wise addition of anti-solvent in the organic solution of drug and carriers. The major disadvantage of this method is that it avoids the risk of phase separation and degradation of drug due to avoiding the high temperature.

This method can be explained in Fig. 12.

Fig. 12
figure 12

Process of co-precipitation

Full size image

Electrostatic spinning [31]

This method of solid dispersion is a technique which is formed by the combination of two techniques which are nanotechnology and solid dispersion technology, which in turn called as electrostatic spinning. The major advantage of this technology is rapid evaporation of solvent occur, due to the amorphous particles that are obtained which show highest dissolution (Fig. 13).

Fig. 13
figure 13

Process of electrostatic spinning

Full size image

Fluid bed coating [32]

Fluid bed coating method uses drug and carrier dissolved in a suitable solvent, and this solution is atomized into fluid bed coater (Fig. 14).

Fig. 14
figure 14

Process of fluid bed coating

Full size image

Melting solvent method [33,34,35]

Melting solvent method is a combination of solvent method and melting method. The major advantage of this technique is it avoids the risk of thermal degradation of drug (Fig. 15).

Fig. 15
figure 15

Process of melting solvent method

Full size image

Recent study of oral dispersible tablets is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Recent study of oral dispersible tablets
Full size table

Promising therapeutic agents that can be incorporated in oral dispersible tablets are shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Promising therapeutic agents used in solid dispersion techniques [75, 76, 77, 78, 79]
Full size table

Evaluation parameters for oral dispersible tablet [80]

Procedure for all evaluation parameter as follows:

Evaluation of blends before compression

The various characteristics of blends to be tested before compression are the following:

Angle of repose

Angle of repose is determined by using funnel method. The accurately weighed blend is taken in a funnel. The height of the funnel is adjusted in such a way that the tip of the funnel just touches the apex of the heap of blend. The drug (as solid dispersion) excipient blend is allowed to flow through the funnel freely on to the surface. The diameter of the powder cone is measured, and the angle of repose is calculated using the following equation:

$$ \mathrm{Tan}\ \Theta =\mathrm{h}/\mathrm{r} $$

Where h and r are the height of cone and radius of cone base, respectively. Angle of repose less than 30° shows the free flowing of the material.

Bulk density

Apparent bulk density is determined by pouring a weighed quantity of blend into graduated cylinder and measuring the volume and weight. Bulk density can be calculated by using following formula:

$$ \mathrm{Bulk}\ \mathrm{density}=\mathrm{Weight}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{the}\ \mathrm{powder}/\mathrm{Volume}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{the}\ \mathrm{packing} $$

Tapped density

It is determined by placing a graduated cylinder, containing a known mass of drug-excipients blend. The cylinder is allowed to fall under its own weight onto a hard surface from the height of 10 cm at 2 s intervals. The tapping is continued until no further change in volume is noted. Tapped density can be calculated by using following formula:

$$ \mathrm{Tapped}\ \mathrm{Density}=\left(\mathrm{Weight}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{the}\ \mathrm{powder}/\mathrm{volume}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{the}\ \mathrm{tapped}\ \mathrm{packing}\right) $$

Compressibility index

The Compressibility Index of the blend is determined by compressibility index. Compressibility Index can be calculated by using following formula:

$$ \mathrm{Compressibility}\ \mathrm{Index}\ \left(\%\right)=\left[\left(\mathrm{TD}-\mathrm{BD}\right)\times 100\right]/\mathrm{TD}\Big] $$

Hausner’s ratio

A similar index to indicate the flow properties can be defined by Hausner’s ratio. Hausner’s ratio can be calculated by using following formula:

$$ \mathrm{Hausner}'\mathrm{s}\ \mathrm{ratio}=\left(\mathrm{Tapped}\ \mathrm{density}\times 100\right)/\left(\mathrm{Poured}\ \mathrm{density}\right) $$

Hausner’s ratio

$$ {\displaystyle \begin{array}{c}<1.25-\mathrm{Good}\ \mathrm{flow}=20\%\mathrm{compressibility}\ \mathrm{index}\\ {}>1.25-\mathrm{Poor}\ \mathrm{flow}=33\%\mathrm{compressibility}\ \mathrm{index}\end{array}} $$

Void volume

The volume of the spaces is known as the void volume “V” and is given by the formula

$$ \mathrm{V}=\mathrm{Vb}-\mathrm{Vp} $$

Where Vb = bulk volume (volume before tapping)

Vp = true volume (volume after tapping)

Porosity

The porosity € of powder is defined as the ratio of void volume to the bulk volume of the packaging. The porosity of the powder is given by following formula:

$$ \text{\EUR} =\mathrm{Vb}-\mathrm{Vp}/\mathrm{Vp}=1-\mathrm{Vp}/\mathrm{Vb} $$

Porosity is frequently expressed in percentage and is given as

$$ \%\text{\EUR} =\left(1-\mathrm{Vp}/\mathrm{Vb}\right)\times 100 $$

The porosity of powder indicates the types of packaging a powder when subject to vibrations, when stored, or in tablet machine when passed through hopper or feed frame

Evaluation of tablets

All the formulated ODTs were subjected to the following quality control tests.

Weight variation

The weight variation test is carried out in order to ensure uniformity in the weight of tablets in a batch. First, the total weight of 20 tablets from each formulation is determined and the average is calculated. The individual weight of the each tablet is also determined to find out the weight variation (Table 4).

Table 4 Standard limit of weight variation
Full size table

Hardness

The hardness of tablet is an indication of its strength. Measuring the force required to break the tablet across its tests. The force is measured in kilogram, and the hardness of about 3–5 kg/cm2 is considered to be satisfactory for uncoated tablets. Hardness of 10 tablets from each formulation is determined by Monsanto hardness tester, Pfizer hardness tester, etc.

Friability test

Friability is the loss of weight of tablet in the container due to removal of fine particles from the surface. Friability test is carried out to access the ability of the tablet to withstand abrasion in packaging, handling, and transport. Roche friabilator is employed for finding the friability of the tablets. Weigh the 20 tablets from each batch and place in Roche friabilator that will rotate at 25 rpm for 4 min. Dedust all the tablets and weigh again. The percentage of friability can be calculated using the formula:

$$ \%\mathrm{Friability}=\left[\left(\mathrm{W}1-\mathrm{W}2\right)100\right]/\mathrm{W}1 $$

Where W1 = weight of tablet before test

W2 = weight of tablet after test

Mechanical strength

Tablets should possess adequate mechanical strength to bear shocks of handling in manufacturing, packaging, and shipping. Crushing strength and friability are two important parameters for the determination of mechanical strength. Crushing strength or tablet tensile strength is the force required to break a tablet by compression in the radial direction, and it is important to note that excessive crushing strength significantly reduces the disintegration time. The crushing strength of the tablet is measured by using Pfizer hardness tester. Tensile strength for crushing (T) is calculated using equation

$$ \mathrm{T}=2\mathrm{F}/\uppi \ast \mathrm{d}\ast \mathrm{t} $$

Where F is the crushing load, and d and t denote the diameter and thickness of the tablet respectively.

Uniformity of dispersion

Keep the two tablets in 100 ml water and stir gently for 2 min. The dispersion is passed through 22 meshes. The tablets will be considered to have passed the test if no residue remained on the screen.

Wetting time

The wetting time of the tablets is measure by using a simple procedure. Place five circular tissue papers of 10 cm diameter in a Petri dish containing 0.2% w/v solution (3 ml) of water-soluble dye. A tablet is carefully placed on the surface of the tissue paper. The time required for water to reach upper surface of the tablet is noted as the wetting time.

Water absorption ratio

A small piece of tissue paper folded twice is placed in a small Petri dish containing 6 ml of water. Put a tablet on the paper and the time required for complete wetting is measured. The wetted tablet is then reweighed. Water absorption ratio, R, is determined by using following formula:

$$ \mathrm{R}=100\times \mathrm{Wa}-\mathrm{Wb}/\mathrm{Wb} $$

Where Wb is the weight of tablet before water absorption

Wa is the weight of tablet after water absorption.

Taste/mouth sensation

Mouth-feel is critical, and patients should receive a product that feels pleasant. One tablet from each batch is tested for the sensation by placing the tablet on the tongue. The healthy human volunteers are used for evaluation of mouth feel. Taste evaluation is done by a panel of 5 members using time intensity method. Sample equivalent to 40 mg, i.e., dose of drug is put in mouth for 10 s and record taste instantly and then after 10 s, 1, 2, 4, and 6 min. Volunteer’s opinion for the taste is rated by giving different score values, i.e., 0 = good, 1 = tasteless, 2 = slightly bitter, 3 = bitter, 4 = awful.

In vitro disintegration test

In vitro disintegration time is measured by dropping a tablet in a beaker containing 50 ml of Sorenson’s buffer pH 6.8. Three tablets from each formulation are randomly selected and in vitro disintegration test is carried out.

In vitro dissolution test

In vitro dissolution study is performed by using USP Type II Apparatus (Paddle type) at 50 rpm. Phosphate buffer pH 6.8, 900 ml is used as dissolution medium which maintained at 37 ± 0.5 °C. Withdraw aliquot of dissolution medium (10 ml) at specific time intervals (2 min) and filter. The amount of drug dissolved is determined by suitable analytical technique.

Stability studies

The optimized formulation of ODTs is subjected to stability study as per ICH guidelines to assess their stability with respect to their physical appearance and release characteristics.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) [81]

DSC measurement were carried out using a Perkin/Elmer, Pyris DSC instrument (Norwalk, USA). Approximately 5 mg of sample was analyzed at a heating rate of 5 °C/min from 50 to 250 °C (or 230 °C). After cooling to 20 °C, the sample was reheated to 250 °C (or 230 °C) at the same heating rate as used in the first cycle. The analysis was made in duplicate (n/2) in vented aluminum pans, under nitrogen purge. Indium was used to calibrate enthalpy and temperature.

Conclusion

Therapeutic activity of drug mainly depends on the bioavailability of the drug and ultimately depends on the solubility. Solid dispersion is one of the most important techniques to increase solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of drug. Oral dispersible tablet have significant advantage of immediate conversion of solid to liquid after administration. The development of oral dispersible tablet by solid dispersion also provides an opportunity for a line extension in market place, for wide range of drugs. Keeping in view the advantages of the delivery system, rapidly disintegrating dosage forms have been successfully commercialized, and because of increased patient demand, these dosage forms are expected to become more popular.

Availability of data and materials

Data will not be shared because of its review article, so there is no practical data available apart from manuscript and their references.

Abbreviations

ODT:

Oral dispersible tablets

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

ICH:

International conference harmonization

USP:

United State Pharmacopoeia

SAS:

Supercritical anti-solvent

References

  1. Saritha AS, Santhosh RI (2015) Fast dissolving tablets using solid dispersion technique: an overview. Indo Am J Pharma Res 5(2):668–679

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hannan PA, Khan JA, Khan A, Safiullah S (2017) Oral dispersible systems: a new approach in drug delivery system. Ind J Pharm Sci 78:2–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Pratik SD, Sushma V, Puja S (2017) Fast dissolving tablet using solid dispersion technique: a review. Int J Current Pharm Res 9(6):1–4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. BhaskarR MO, Ravindra MG (2018) Review: solid dispersion techniques for enhancement of solubility of poorly soluble drug. Ind. J. Pharma Bio Res 6(2):43–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kumar B (2017) Solid Dispersion: A Review. Pharm Tutor 5(2):24–29

    Google Scholar 

  6. Sultana S, Saifuddin AHM (2016) Solid Dispersion: currently practiced in pharmaceutical field. Int. J. Adv Res Technol. 5(3):170–175

    Google Scholar 

  7. Mathew G, Lincy J, Pooran Mal S, Jyothilakshmi VN (2016) Research article on enhancing the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug etoroxib using solid dispersion technique – solid dispersion a method to improve bioavailability of poorly water soluble drug. Int. J. Pharma Pharma. Res. 6(4):17–51

    Google Scholar 

  8. Allen LV, Levinson RS, Martono DD (1978). Dissolution Rates of Hydrocortisone and Prednisone utilizing sugar solid dispersion systems in tablet form. J. Pharm. Sci 67(7):979–981

    CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Das SK, Roy S, Yuvaraj K, Khanam J (2011) Solid dispersion : an approach to enhance the bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. Int. J. Plastic Poly. Technol. 1(1):37–46

    Google Scholar 

  10. Leunner C, Dressman J (2000) Improving drug solubility for oral delivery using solid dispersions. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm 50(1):47–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Ramesh V, Meenakshi S, Jyothirmayee N, Bullebbai M, Noorjahan SK, Rajeswari G, Nagesh Babu G, Madhavi D (2016) Enhancement of solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of BCS Class II Drugs. Int J Pharma Chem Res 2(2):80–95

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ghaderi R, Artursson P, Carlfors J (1996) Preparation of biodegradable microparticles using solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS). Pharm. Research 16(5):676–681. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1018868423309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Vasconcelos T, Sarmento B, Costa P (2007) Solid dispersions as strategy to improve oralbioavailability of poor water soluble drugs. Drug Discov. Today 12(23-24):1068–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2007.09.005

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Pokharkar VB, Mandpe LP, Padamwar MN, Ambike AA, Mahadik KR, Paradkar A (2006) Development, characterization and stabilizationof amorphous form of a low Tg drug. Powder Technol 167(1):20–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2006.05.012

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Taylor LS, Zografi G (1997) Spectroscopic characterization of interactions between PVP and indomethacin in amorphous molecular dispersions. Pharm Res 14(12):1691–1698. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012167410376

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Arias M J, Gines JM, Moyano JR, Rabasco AM. The application of solid dispersion technique withD-mannitol to the improvement in oral absorption of triamterene. J. Drug Target 2(1):45-51.

  17. Sandip RP, Shashikant DE (2019) Solubility enhancement (Solid Dispersion) novel boon to increase bioavailability. J Drug Delivery Therapeutics 9(2):583–590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mohd AF, Dilip KP, Kesharwani R (2018) A technique to enhance the bioavailability and solubility for poorly water soluble drugs by using solid dispersions. World J Pharm Pharm. Sci. 7(11):818–836

    Google Scholar 

  19. Younis AM (2017) Solid dispersion technology, a contemporary overview on a well-established technique. Uni. J. Pharm. Res. 2(3):2456–8058

    Google Scholar 

  20. Debjit BM, Chiranjib JJ, Vinod D, Margret C (2009) Fast dissolving tablet: a Review on revolution of novel drug delivery system and new market opportunities. Sch. Res. Library 1(2):262–276

    Google Scholar 

  21. Singh (2017) Solubility enhancement by solid dispersion. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci 79(5):674–687

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ramesh V, Meenakshi S (2016) Enhancement of solubility for poorly water soluble drugs by using solid dsipersion technology. Int. J. Pharm. Res Bio-Sci. 5(2):47–74

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Allawadi D, Singh N, Singh S. And Arora S(2013). Solid dispersions: a review on drug delivery system and solubility enhancement. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 4(6):2094.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Singh J, Walia M. And Harikumar SL (2013). Solubility Enhancement by Solid Dispersion Method: A Review. J. Drug Delivery Therapeutics 3(5):148-155.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Midha, K., Rani, P. And Arora, G(2017). Solid dispersion: a recent update. Int J Pharm Pharmacol 1:104.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Vasconcelos T, Sarmento B. And Costa P (2007).Solid dispersions as strategy to improve oral bioavailability of poor water soluble drugs. Drug Discov. Today 12(23-24):1068-1075.

    CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Katariya VR, Patil SB (2013) Recent breakthroughs in solid dispersion: a review. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Allied Sci. 2(4):1–15

    Google Scholar 

  28. Vo CLN, Park C, And Lee BJ (2013) Current trends and future perspectives of solid dispersions containing poorly water-soluble drugs. Eur. J. Pharm Biopharm. 85(3):799–813

    CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Baghel S, Cathcart H. And Oreilly NJ (2016). Polymeric amorphous solid dispersions: a review of amorphization, crystallization, stabilization, solid-state characterization, and aqueous solubilization of biopharmaceutical classification system class II drugs. J. Pharm. Sci. 105(9):.2527-2544.

    CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Bikiaris DN (2011) Solid dispersions, part i: recent evolutions and future opportunities in manufacturing methods for dissolution rate enhancement of poorly water-soluble drugs. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 8(11):1501–1519

    CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Dixit ND, Niranjan SK (2014) A review: solid dispersion. World J. Pharm Pharm. Sci. 3(9):238–257

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kaur T, Gill B, Kumar S, Gupta GD (2011) Mouth dissolving tablets: a novel approach to drug delivery. Int. J. Curr. Pharm. Res. 1:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  33. Nagar P, Singh K, Chauhan I, Verma M, Yasir M, Khan A (2015) Orally disintegrating tablets: formulation, preparation techniques and evaluation. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 4:35–45

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kumaresan C (2015) Orally disintegrating tablet-mouth dissolving, sweet taste and target release profile. Pharmaceutical 6:25–36

    Google Scholar 

  35. Eun JK (2016) Preparation of solid dispersion of felodipine using a solvent wetting method. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 64:200–205

    Google Scholar 

  36. Shivalingam MR, Jyothibasu T, Kishore YV, Reddy A, Tejaswi B, Nagaanusha D (2011) Formulation and evaluation of solid dispersions of glipizide for dissolution rate enhancement. Int. J. Pharma. Res. Dev. 3(23):231–239

    Google Scholar 

  37. Prasad RS, Sarath KY, Manavalan R (2010) Preparation and characterization of itraconazole solid dispersions for improved oral bioavailability. Int. J. Chem. Tech. Res. 2(1):133–142

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kazi PA, Gholve SB, Kazi SN (2014) Review article solid dispersion: an evergreen method for solubility enhancement of poorly water soluble drugs. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem. 4:906–918

    Google Scholar 

  39. Sabitari B, Snehamayee M (2018) Recent research of solid dispersion: a new concept towards oral bioavailability. Asian J. Pharm. Clinical Res. 11(2):72–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Gang Y, Zhao Y, Feng N, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Dang B (2015) Improved dissolution and bioavailability of silymarin delivered by a solid dispersion prepared using supercritical fluids. Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 10:194–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Kaur P, Singh SK, Garg V, Gulati M, Vaidya Y (2015) Optimization of spray drying process for formulation of solid dispersion containing polypeptide-k powder through quality by design approach. Powder Technol. 284:1–11

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Wei-Juan X, Xie HJ, Cao QR, Shi LL, Clao Y, Zhu XY (2016) Dissolution and oral bioavailability of valsartan solid dispersions prepared by a freeze-drying technique using hydrophilic polymer. J. Drug Delivery 23:41–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Li J, Lee IW, Shin GH, Chen X, Park HJ (2015) Curcumin-eudragit® E PO solid dispersion: A simple and potent method to solve the problems of curcumin. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 94:322–332

    CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Choi JS, Park JS (2015) Design of PVP/VA S-630 based tadalafil solid dispersion to enhance the dissolution rate. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci 97:269–276

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hacene YC, Singh A, Mooter GV (2016) Drug loaded and ethylcellulose coated mesoporous silica for controlled drug release prepared using a pilot scale fluid bed system. Int. J. Pharm. 506:138–147

    CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Leung SS, Parumasivam T, Gao FG, Carrigy NB, Vehring R, Finlay WH (2016) Production of inhalation phage powders using spray freeze drying and spray drying techniques for treatment of respiratory infections. J. Pharm. Res 33:1486–1496

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Rao P, Nagabhushanam MV, Prabhakar CH (2011) Enhancement of dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug mefenamic acid by solid dispersion. Res. J. Pharm. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2(3):1025–1035

    Google Scholar 

  48. Marano S, Barker SA, Raimi-Abraham BT, Missaghi S, Rajabi-Siahboomi A, Aliev AE (2017) Microfibrous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble drugs produced via centrifugal spinning: Unexpected dissolution behavior on recrystallization. Mol. Pharm. 14:1666–1680

    CAS  PubMed  Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Bobe KR, Subrahmanya CR, Sarasija S, Gaikwad DT, Patil MD, Khade TS, Gavitre B, Kulkarni VS, Gaikwad UT (2011) Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Dispersion of Atorvastatin with Various Carriers. Int. J Comprehensive Pharma. 2(1):1–6

    Google Scholar 

  50. Roul LK, Manna NK, Parhi RN, Sahoo S, Suresh P (2012) Dissolution rate enhancement of alprazolam by solid dispersion. Ind. J. Pharm. Edu. and Res. 46(1):38–44

    Google Scholar 

  51. KPR. Chowdary KR, Kvnr. Aishwarya and Adilakshmi (2012). A factorial study on the enhancement of dissolution rate of aceclofenac by solid dispersion in starch phosphate and gelucire. Int. J Res Pharma. Chem.2(4):907-912.

  52. Irin Dewan MD. Ayub H and Ashraful Islam SM (2012). Formulation and evaluation of solid dispersions of carvedilol, a poorly water soluble drug by using different polymers. Int. J Res Pharma. Chem. 2(3):585-593

  53. Kumar P, Kumar S, Kumar A, Chander M (2010) Physicochemical characterization of solid dispersions of cefdinir with Pvp K-30 and Peg 4000. Int. J. Pharm. Sci Nanotechnol. 3(2):948–956

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Deshmukh DB, Gaikwad PD, BankarVH PSP (2010) Dissolution enhancement of poorly water soluble diacereinby solid dispersion technique. J Pharm Sci Res 2(11):734–739

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Abhisekh D, Amit Kumar N, Biswaranjanmohanty, and Satyabrata P (2011). Solubility and dissolution enhancement of etoricoxib by solid dispersion technique using sugar carriers. Int. Scholarly Res. Network Isrn Pharm. Article id 819765:1-8.

  56. Chowdary KPR, Udaya Chandra D, Parimala V And Indira M (2012). A factorial study on formulation development of ibuprofen tablets employing starch 1500 and Pvp K 30. Int J Pharm Sci Res 3(1):189-193.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Subrata M, Ashok S, Kaushik P (2004) Dissolution behaviour of nalidix acid solid dispersions using water soluble dispersion carriers. Acta Poloniae Phrma. –Drug Res 61:21–30

    Google Scholar 

  58. Venkateskumar K, Arunkumar N, Verma P, Ranjan P, Siva P, Neema GAnd Punitha K (2011) Characterization of olanzapine-solid dispersions. Iran. J. Pharm. Res. 10(1):13–24

    Google Scholar 

  59. Vyas J, Vyas P, Patel J (2011) Formulation and evaluation of solid dispersions of rofecoxib for improvement of dissolution profile. Afr J. Pharm Pharmacology 5(5):577–581

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Sukanya M, Sai Kishore V (2012) Design and development of solid dispersions of simvastatin for enhancing the solubility. Am J. Pharma. Tech. Res. 2(4):733–740

    Google Scholar 

  61. Dhat SP, Aphale SA, Sherje AP, Sakale JA, Vaidya AV, Vanshiv SD (2011) Solubility enhancement of satranidazole using solid dispersion technique. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biomedical Sci. 2(3):1134–1135

    Google Scholar 

  62. Mohammed J, Dehghan M, Adil S (2010) Enhancementof dissolution and anti-inflammatory effect of meloxicam using solid dispersions. Int. J. Applied Pharm. 2(1):1–8

    Google Scholar 

  63. Sucheta B, Dyandevi M, Mithun VKP, Rajendra DP (2011) Solubility enhancement of antihypertensive agent by solid dispersion technique. International Journal of Pharmacy & Life Sciences. Int. J. Of Pharm Life Sci. 2(8):970–975

    Google Scholar 

  64. Gopal Venkatesh S, Averineni Ranjith K, Yogendra Nayak U, Karthik A, Om Prakash R, Kishore G, Sureshwar P, Nayababhirama U (2010) Enhanced dissolution and bioavailability of gliclazide using solid dispersion techniques. Int. J. Drug Delivery 2:49–57

    Google Scholar 

  65. Vinay P, Roopa SP, Kusum D, Saraija S (2012) In vitro-in vivo evaluation of fast-dissoliving tablets containing solid dispersion of pioglitazone hydrochloride. J. Adv. Pharm. Tech Res. 3(3):160–165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Renu K, Stuti G, Rajendra KRS, Dolly J, Sushma P (2011) Study of enhancement of dissolution rate of carbamazepine by solid dispersion. Int. J. Compr. Pharm. 5(9):1007–1014

    Google Scholar 

  67. Lalit J, Tapar KK (2011) Preparation and characterization of mesalamine solid dispersions by kneading method. Int. J. Pharm. Sci Res. 2(10):2623–2628

    Google Scholar 

  68. Nashwan YK, Alaaa A, Moafaq MG, Saad AH (2011) Solubility and dissolution improvement of ketoprofen by solid dispersion-polymer and surfactant using solvent evaporation method. Int. J. Pharm Pharm. Sci. 3(4):431–435

    Google Scholar 

  69. Yadav YB And Yadav AV (2009) Indomethacin solid dispersions by kneading method with lactose monohydrate and different polymers. J.Pharm. Res. 2(9):1489-1492.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Minhaz RA, Mofizur MD, Ahsan Q, Rahman H, Chowdhury R (2012) Enhancement of solubility and dissolution properties of clonazepam by solid dispersions. Int. J. Pharm. Life Sci. 3(3):1510–1515

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ramesh V, Rukesh KJ, Chowdary KPR (2015) Formulation of Telmisartan tablets employing solid dispersions in MCC PH102 and Poloxamer188 as per 22 factorial design. World J. Pharm. Res. 4(12):1397–1405

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Ramesh V, Rukesh KJ, Chowdary KPR (2015) Formulation of Carvedilol tablets employing solid dispersions in MCC PH102 and Poloxamer188 as per 22 factorial design. World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 5(2):753–762

    Google Scholar 

  73. Vivek D, Renu BY, Richa A, Atul KS (2017) Formulation and evaluation of orally dispersible tablets of Chlorpheniramine maleate by fusion method. Marmara Pharm. J 21:67–77. https://doi.org/10.12991/marupj.259883

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Balasubramanian VM, Shaik AR, Kenneti NM, Muuva A, Nadendla RR (2017) Formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets of telmisartan by solid dispersion technique. Asian J. of Res. Chem Pharm. Sci. 5(1):38–49

    Google Scholar 

  75. Singh G, Kaur L, Gupta GD (2017) Enhancement of the solubility of poorly soluble drugs through solid dispersion: A comprehensive review. Ind. J. Pharm. Sci. 79(5):674–687

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Allen LVJ, Yanchick VA, Maness DD (1997) Dissolution rates of corticosteriods utilizing sugar glass dispersions. J. Pharm. Sci 66(4):494–496

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Ratnaparkhil MP, Mohanta GP, Upadhyay L (2009) Review on: Fast Dissolving Tablet. J. Pharm. Res. 2(1):5–12

    Google Scholar 

  78. Amidon GL, Lennernas H, Shah VP, Crison JR (1995) Theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutic drug classification the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. Pharm. Res. 3(12):413–420

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Shaik AR (2015) Pharmaceutical drug classification: the correlation of in vitro drug product dissolution and in vivo bioavailability. Pharm Res. 12(3):413–420

    Google Scholar 

  80. Shyamala B, Narmada GY (2002) Rapid dissolving tablets: a novel dosage form. The Ind. Pharmacist. 13(8):09–12

    Google Scholar 

  81. Anne MJ, Catherine B, Cynthia K (2003) Evaluation of solid dispersion particles prepared with SEDS. Int. J. of Pharm. 250:385–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the management of Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, Maharashtra-422608 affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, India, for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this work.

Funding

Any type of funding for this review is not available.

Author information

Affiliations

  1. Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner, MS, 422 608, India

    Vikrant K. Nikam & Shubham K. Shete

  2. Dr. Naikwadi College of Pharmacy, Jamgaon, Sinner, MS, 422 103, India

    Jyoti P. Khapare

Authors
  1. Vikrant K. Nikam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shubham K. Shete
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jyoti P. Khapare
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

VKN is the first author contributing in writing of manuscript and gives their scientific suggestion. SKS is the second author contributing in collection of information and writing of manuscript. JPK is the third author contributing in grammatically molding of manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vikrant K. Nikam.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable

Consent for publication

Not applicable

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Nikam, V.K., Shete, S.K. & Khapare, J.P. Most promising solid dispersion technique of oral dispersible tablet. Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci 9, 62 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-020-00086-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-020-00086-4

Keywords

  • Solid dispersion
  • Disintegration
  • Dissolution
  • Oral dispersible